Hmong families living on the run, Xiong Khouang Province, Laos, 1970, Chippewa Valley Museum
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In the 1960s, the United States launched a covert military operation in Laos to disrupt the North Vietnamese supply lines by recruiting and training Hmong people. The North Vietnamese maintained their supply lines but thousands of Hmong fighters and civilians were killed, displaced, or faced persecution. This ultimately led to a mass exodus of Hmong refugees.
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